The parietal lobe is the upper back part of each cerebral hemisphere: behind the frontal lobe and the central sulcus, above the temporal lobe, and in front of the occipital lobe. It is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex. [1]
The 3D brain needs JavaScript. The text below still says where the parietal lobe is and what it does.
Slice
Opens cut by a side (sagittal) slice through the parietal lobe. Drag to turn, pinch or scroll to zoom, tap any part to name it; .
Takes part in: vision, touch — see every part of each lit together.
Where it is
Bounded by three grooves: the central sulcus separates it from the frontal lobe in front, the parieto-occipital sulcus from the occipital lobe behind, and the lateral (Sylvian) sulcus from the temporal lobe below; the longitudinal fissure divides the left and right parietal lobes. [1]
On the outer (lateral) surface there is no obvious border between the parietal and occipital lobes; the clear landmark between them is the parieto-occipital sulcus, seen on the inner (medial) surface. [2]
Its front edge is the postcentral gyrus, the strip of cortex immediately behind the central sulcus, which is the primary somatosensory cortex (Brodmann area 3). [1]
Paired: one parietal lobe in each hemisphere, the left and right lobes separated by the longitudinal fissure. [1]
What it does
Its main sensation is somatosensation: the general sensations of the body, such as touch. [2]
Touch, temperature and pain signals from the skin are relayed through the thalamus to the parietal lobe. Each hemisphere maps the skin of the opposite side of the body. [1]
The body map on the postcentral gyrus continues from the thighs and hips through the trunk, shoulders, arms and hands as the gyrus curves out of the midline fissure onto the outer surface of the lobe. [3]
It carries the dorsal stream of vision, the “where” or “how” pathway: from the primary visual cortex one processing stream runs into the parietal lobe, where it meets the body-sense areas used to perceive the body and its movements. [1][3]
The posterior parietal cortex receives touch and visual input and uses it to guide movements of the arm, hand and eyes; the areas around the intraparietal sulcus are essential for guiding limb and eye movement. [1]
It is also involved in knowing numbers and their relations, in handling objects, and in parts of language processing; the superior and inferior parietal lobules are the main areas of body and spatial awareness. [1]
Connections
Input: skin sensation reaches it from the thalamus. [1]
Input: the dorsal visual stream from the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe. [3]
Across the midline: the splenium, the back of the corpus callosum, carries somatosensory information between the two parietal lobes. [4]
The superior parietal lobule has major white-matter connections, including the cingulum and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I). [5]
Inside it
Behind the postcentral gyrus and the postcentral sulcus lies the posterior parietal cortex, split by the intraparietal sulcus into the superior parietal lobule (Brodmann areas 5 and 7) above and the inferior parietal lobule (areas 39 and 40) below. [1]
The inferior parietal lobule has two gyri: the supramarginal gyrus, arching over the upturned end of the lateral fissure, and behind it the angular gyrus, arching over the end of the superior temporal sulcus. [6]
On this 3D model the lit parietal lobe is made of four parts on each side: the postcentral gyrus, the superior parietal lobule, the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus. [7]
Other names
Named after the parietal bone of the skull over it, from the Latin paries, “wall”. [1]
The inferior parietal lobule is also called Geschwind’s territory, after the neurologist Norman Geschwind, who recognised its importance in the early 1960s. [6]
Size
On this model the left parietal lobe measures about 94 mm front to back, 84 mm top to bottom and 69 mm side to side (the box it fits in, not its volume); the right one is its mirror image. [7]
Centre of the left parietal lobe compared with the centre of the left frontal lobe: 73 mm further back, 7 mm further from the midline; 74 mm apart in a straight line. [7]
Centre of the left parietal lobe compared with the centre of the left occipital lobe: 21 mm further forward, 42 mm higher, 15 mm further from the midline; 49 mm apart in a straight line. [7]
Facts describe anatomy and normal function only. The 3D model is the adult male BodyParts3D brain (credits and licence); real brains vary in size and shape, so its measurements describe one model, not anyone’s brain.